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	<title>World Socialist Party (US) &#187; Europe</title>
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	<copyright>Copyright &#xA9; World Socialist Party (US) 2010 </copyright>
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		<title>World Socialist Party (US)</title>
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	<itunes:category text="Society &#38; Culture" />
	<itunes:author>World Socialist Party (US)</itunes:author>
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		<itunes:name>World Socialist Party (US)</itunes:name>
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		<title>German Immiseration</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2011/01/german-immiseration/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2011/01/german-immiseration/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Jan 2011 06:27:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FN Brill</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wspus.org/?p=2036</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) defines “middle class” as people who have at their disposal between 70 percent and 150 percent of the average after-tax income. For a single person, that means between €1070 and €2350 per month. despite falling unemployment, the proportion of individuals and families living on roughly average incomes has dropped, weekly Die Zeit reported. Germany’s &#8220;middle class&#8221; has been steadily shrinking since the late 1990s. The share of middle income earners as a proportion of the population fell from 59.2 percent to 58.7 percent over the course of 2008 – the last year for which reliable figures are available. Ten years earlier, the figure had stood at 64 percent. Figures released Tuesday by the Federal Statistics Office (Destatis) revealed that the proportion of Germans at risk of poverty had risen from 12 percent in 2004 to 15.5 percent in 2008. The EU defines a person as being at risk of poverty if they are forced to live on less than 60 percent of the average income, including state transfers such as welfare payments. In Germany, this amounted in 2008 to €11,151 per year for a single person. Some 62 percent of unemployed people and [...]


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		<title>Being poor</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2010/11/being-poor/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2010/11/being-poor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Nov 2010 20:46:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suzy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wspus.org/?p=1931</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Roughly 25,000 people die every day of hunger or hunger-related causes, which is one person every three and a half seconds according to www.poverty.com. Individuals who live in poverty lack the money to buy enough food to nourish themselves, which causes them to become weaker and often sick. These individuals would become even more poor and more hungry because being sick will make them less able to work and provide for themselves and/or their family. According to the UN and the World Bank, the social impact of the global economic crisis continues to be felt in terms of rising hunger, unemployment, and social unrest. The combination of rising food and fuel prices and the financial and economic crisis has reduced poor families’ purchasing power, access to social services, and employment opportunities. Moreover, poor households have reduced food consumption, with the UN Food and Agricultural Organization estimating that nearly one billion people are hungry and malnourished. In addition to the millions already pushed into poverty in 2008-09, another 64 million could fall into extreme poverty during 2010 as a result of the combined, lingering effects of the crisis. A UNICEF survey of 126 developing countries found that among the nearly one-half [...]


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		<title>The New Devouring</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2010/08/the-new-devouring/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2010/08/the-new-devouring/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Aug 2010 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Suzy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Race]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wspus.org/?p=1636</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A few years back , the Herald reminded its readers of the estimated 1.5 million Roma murdered in Nazi-occupied Europe, an episode that has come to be known in the Romani language as the Porraimos (the &#8220;devouring&#8221;). Later, it is reported that &#8220;The far right is on the march in Hungary, literally. In recent months, hardly a week has gone by without a rally being held by the Magyar Garda or &#8220;Hungarian Guard,&#8221; their members decked out in black boots and uniforms bearing nationalist symbols last employed by Hungarian fascists during World War II. Their target: Romany (gypsy) criminals and those who want to integrate Romany children into the country&#8217;s schools. Their rallies usually take place in communities with a large Roma population, where they style themselves as protectors of ethnic Hungarians.&#8221; (Yahoo News, 13 February 2008) Now SOYMB reads that Amnesty International said the EU had &#8220;turned a blind eye&#8221; to what it called a &#8220;serious breach of human rights&#8221; towards Europe&#8217;s Roma. &#8220;There is a clear and systemic programme of EU governments targeting Roma,&#8221; said Anneliese Baldaccini, a lawyer at Amnesty&#8217;s EU office. Campaign groups have accused Brussels of cowardice when it comes to the Roma. In France [...]


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		<title>James Connolly</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2010/04/james-connolly/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2010/04/james-connolly/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Apr 2010 03:54:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ALB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wspus.org/?p=1521</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[James Connolly was born in Edinburgh on 5 June 1868, the son of an Irish immigrant labourer. He went to work at the age of ten or eleven and then seems to have joined the British army, being stationed in Cork. In 1889 he left ( deserted ) and went back to Scotland planning to marry a girl he had met in Dublin. In Dundee Connolly, who must already have had vague radical Irish nationalist sentiments, joined the local branch of the Socialist League. This was a breakaway from the Social Democratic Federation in 1884, in which William Morris was prominently involved. However by this time there was little difference between the Socialist League and the SDF and it was only an accident that Connolly joined the one and not the other. Soon in Scotland the two bodies united to form the Scottish Socialist Federation which in 1895 became the Edinburgh branch of the SDF. It was this organisation which first introduced Connolly to Socialist and Marxist ideas. But the SDF was not an uncompromisingly Socialist body. It advocated reforms (or &#8220;palliatives&#8221; as they were then called) as stepping stones towards Socialism and was involved in the general ferment of [...]


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		<title>1789: France’s bourgeois revolution</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2009/11/1789-france%e2%80%99s-bourgeois-revolution/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2009/11/1789-france%e2%80%99s-bourgeois-revolution/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 11:14:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>JB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wspus.org/?p=1087</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[From the Socialist Standard, July 1989. Up until 1789 France was an Absolutist state ruled by a king who claimed that his total power to rule had been granted him by god. All the top posts in the army, the government, the civil service, the church and the judiciary were reserved for the members of a hereditary nobility. The population was in fact divided into three &#8220;orders&#8221; or &#8220;estates&#8221;: the clergy, the nobility and the rest – over 95 per cent of course – known simply as the Third Estate. Relics of Feudalism The vast majority of the population – some 22 or 23 million out of a total population of 25 million – were peasants who worked and lived on the land. Very few were serfs actually tied to the land or a master. It has in fact been estimated that between 30 and 40 per cent of the land in pre-1789 France belonged to peasants. But all peasants, whether landowners, tenants or share-croppers, had to pay feudal dues in money and in kind to the lord of the manor as well as tithes, payable in kind, to the church. They were obliged to use the lord’s mill, bread [...]


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		<title>The cult of Irish Republicanism</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2009/05/the-cult-of-irish-republicanism/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2009/05/the-cult-of-irish-republicanism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2009 17:20:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SPGB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wspus.org/?p=1002</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Real IRA and the Continuity IRA represent nothing but the pale ghosts of yesterday. For over a hundred years now Ireland, and particularly Northern Ireland since it came into existence in 1921, has been politically structured by what Sean O&#8217; Casey called, in one of his memorable plays, The Shadow of the Gunman. The gunman, and more recently in deference to the times, his female equivalent, has been legal and illegal, protestant and catholic, brave and cowardly but at all times and in all guises, a dangerous irrelevancy as far as the working class is concerned. Ruling classes everywhere mythologise the politics of their regime in order to conceal the fact that their wealth and opulent lifestyles are based on the poverty and degradation of their subject classes. In Ireland that process has been further mystified and obfuscated by years of colonisation and the deliberate action of Britain, the colonial master, of introducing religious sectarianism into Ireland&#8217;s toxic tribal mix at the beginning of the 17th century. That evil, the curse of inter-religious conflict, was part of Elizabethan England&#8217;s strategy for a final solution to the problem of Gaelic resistance to English rule in Ireland which was most formidable [...]


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		<title>Northern Ireland: a return to violence?</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2009/04/northern-ireland-a-return-to-violence/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2009/04/northern-ireland-a-return-to-violence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2009 05:36:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SPGB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wspus.org/?p=996</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Violence will not make people into socialists Two British soldiers shot dead at Masserene Barracks in Northern Ireland, and a policeman shot dead in Craigavon, by dissident Republicans who want to re-draw the present political frontiers. Instead of dividing the six counties from the rest of Ireland, the frontier (they demand) should be moved and instead divide Ireland from the somewhat larger island to the east, containing the capitalist entity known as Great Britain. But socialists do not want to re-draw any frontiers: they want to abolish frontiers. Frontiers are entirely artificial boundaries, whether by land or sea. All a frontier does is to mark out one bit of the Earth’s surface where one ruling class has power from the next bit of the Earth’s surface where another ruling class has power. Since socialism would put an end to the ruling class of every state, frontiers would cease to have any meaning, and would therefore cease to exist. No violence, no death or injury, will bring socialism any closer. Socialism will be brought about when the great majority of the world’s people want it to be brought about. We want to change people’s ideas. Violence will not make people into [...]


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		<title>Serbia &#8211; 10 years on</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2009/03/serbia-10-years-on/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2009/03/serbia-10-years-on/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 16:49:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SPGB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wspus.org/?p=976</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A decade on from the Nato bombing campaign, more than 90,000 Serbs are still in danger from unexploded cluster munitions, according to a recent report funded by the Norwegian foreign ministry. The report says they face a daily threat and estimates that there are some 2,500 unexploded devices in 15 areas of Serbia. In the capital, Belgrade, and elsewhere in Serbia you can still see the impact of the bombing. &#8220;The 10th anniversary of the air strikes will lead people to think about the bombing campaign, which they saw as unjust, unfair and illegal action carried out by Nato,&#8221; says Serbian political analyst Bratislav Grubacic. Some 2,500 civilians were killed, among them 89 children, while 12,500 were injured. US Ambassador Richard Holbrooke said that NATO&#8217;s air attack on former Yugoslavia a decade ago was &#8220;the right thing to do&#8221; . Holbrooke when questioned by Charlie Rose during the bombing of Yugoslavia as to why the Serbs didn&#8217;t agree to the terms of the Rambouillet text, Holbrooke, who delivered the final ultimatum to Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, stated that Serbs claimed that signing the Rambouillet text would amount to agreeing to a NATO occupation of their country. Holbrooke told Rose he [...]


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		<title>The Irish &#8220;No&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2008/09/the-irish-no/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2008/09/the-irish-no/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2008 08:03:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SPGB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wspus.org/?p=492</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A socialist in Ireland looks at the vote there to reject the EU’s proposed Treaty of Lisbon. On the 12th of June, voters in the Republic of Ireland rejected a constitutional proposal to ratify the Lisbon Treaty. The rejection has caused ripples across Europe and provoked a lively and continuing discussion in the letters pages of the newspapers and in radio phone-in programmes. It is a quintessential example of what passes for ‘politics’ under capitalism with heated debate amongst the protagonists and yet the result is as irrelevant to most people as the composition of government here after the next election. Closer inspection of the campaign and its aftermath reveals all the pointlessness, chicanery and opportunism of mainstream politics. The European Union (although that wasn’t its name at the time) was founded by six, reasonably like-minded European countries by the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The aim then (and still now) was to make capitalism more efﬁcient throughout the continent by organising it on a pan-European scale. The basic tenets of permitting the free movement of capital, goods and ‘labour’ (people in the real world) between member states had the intention of giving capitalists the opportunity to conduct their business [...]


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		<title>The Easter Rising – 90 years on</title>
		<link>http://wspus.org/2006/04/the-easter-rising-%e2%80%93-90-years-on/</link>
		<comments>http://wspus.org/2006/04/the-easter-rising-%e2%80%93-90-years-on/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Apr 2006 07:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>SPGB</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ireland]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.wspus.org/?p=55</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Easter sees the 90th anniversary of the Easter Rebellion against British rule in Ireland. The Irish Cabinet &#8211; speciﬁcally, the government of the Republic of Ireland &#8211; and members of the Dail will watch as the Irish army marches past the General Post Ofﬁce in Dublin’s O’Connell Street where Pearse and Connolly established the rebel HQ in 1916. After being cancelled for years the Rising Commemoration has been restored by the Ahern government, anxious to maintain its republican credentials against the growing threat of Sinn Fein in the impending General Election. The excuse for originally cancelling the Commemoration was that the army was so overstretched on foreign UN peace-keeping duties that it couldn’t stage a march of a couple of hours’ duration in Dublin. The real reason, of course, was that the genuine inheritors of the political lunacy of 1916, the Provisional IRA, were actively engaged in the killing business, intermixed with bank robberies and crimes of violence not only in Northern Ireland but in the Republic of Ireland as well. Celebrating the killings of those who had laid the foundations of the Irish state was regarded as honourable but the new killings of their latter-day progenitors were not. The [...]


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